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The Iberian Peninsula, encompassing Spain and Portugal, has experienced significant deforestation over centuries due to agricultural expansion, urbanization, and industrial activities. As a result, only about 8% of the original forests remain in the region. The Mediterranean forests have been extensively transformed into croplands and pastures in Spain, and their

By Ian Cox The South African Constitution obliges the state to ensure, through the implementation of reasonable legislative and other measures, that South Africans enjoy an environment that is not harmful to their health and well-being. To this end, the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 or NEMA states as a

A Transfrontier Conservation Area is defined as a component of a large ecological region that straddles the boundaries of two or more countries encompassing one or more protected areas as well as multiple resource use zones. The Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, or KAZA, lies in the Kavango and Zambezi River

By Lieutenant Colonel Rafael Dilguerian De Oliveira Conceição Anti-poaching rangers often face dangerous and unpredictable situations in the field. While they may be armed, close-quarters confrontations with poachers will sometimes render firearms useless. In such scenarios, proficiency in unarmed combat techniques enables rangers to subdue poachers without escalating violence unnecessarily.

The Northern Cameroon savannah faces a severe poaching crisis, devastating its unique wildlife and ecosystems. Species such as the giant eland, found only in a few countries, are particularly at risk, with their poached meat fetching a fraction of hunting safaris' revenue. These safaris provide significant conservation funding and

By Prof Brian Child Farming has a massive environmental footprint, and it is difficult to discuss wild species and spaces without some understanding of agriculture. The strength and weakness of agriculture is that it greatly simplifies ecological systems. It replaces multi-species ecosystems with crop monocultures or near monocultures and ecological

By Zig Mackintosh One of the key takeaways from the Snare Mitigation Symposium held in Pretoria in September 2024 was the issue of the prosecution and sentencing of snare poachers in South Africa. High-profile cases of rhino horn and elephant ivory trafficking are headline-grabbing, but meat poaching using snares and